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Key uncertainty events impacting on the completion time of highway construction projects

Alireza MOGHAYEDI, Abimbola WINDAPO

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第2期页码 275-298 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0022-7

摘要： This paper examines the uncertainty events encountered in the process of constructing highways, and evaluates their impact on construction time, on highway projects in South Africa. The rationale for this examination stems from the view held by scholars that the construction of highways is a complex process, taking place in changing environments and often beset by uncertainties; and that there is a lack of appropriate evaluation of these uncertainty events occurring during the construction process. The research made use of a review of extant literature in the area of uncertainty management, and modeling in infrastructure projects, to guide the direction of the study. The inquiry process consisted of brainstorming by highway experts and interviewing them to identify the uncertainty factors that impact construction time. An uncertainty matrix for South African highway projects was developed, using a quantitative model and descriptive statistics. It emerged from the study that the uncertainty events affecting the construction time of highway projects are distributed across economic, environmental, financial, legal, political, social and technical factors. Also, it was found that each factor might account for several uncertainty events which impact on construction time differently, through a combination of the uncertainty events of the individual construction activities. Based on the obtained data, an Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) has been developed, as a simple, reliable and accurate advanced machine learning technique to assess the impact of uncertainty events on the completion time of highway construction projects. To validate the ANFIS model, the Stepwise Regression (SR) models have been designed and their results are compared with the results of the ANFIS. Based on the predicted impact size of uncertainty events on the time of highway projects, it can be concluded that construction time on South African highway projects is significantly related to the social and technical uncertainties factors.

关键词： ANFIS construction time impact assessment highway project South Africa uncertainty

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Performance of seven highway construction contracting methods analyzed by project size

Yuanxin ZHANG, Abdol CHINI, R. Edward MINCHIN Jr., Lourdes PTSCHELINZEW, Dev SHAH

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第2期页码 240-250 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2018040

摘要： The conventional Design-Bid-Build (DBB) construction contracting method has had various drawbacks exposed in highway construction practice, including lack of communication, inefficient design, antagonizing relationships, and increased disputes. To mitigate the negative aspects of DBB, several alternative contracting methods and alternative project delivery systems have been devised and introduced to the industry over the past 30 years. Five such innovations were tested by a research team from the University of Florida under the sponsorship of the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT). To perform a realistic assessment, this study categorized FDOT projects built between 2006 and 2015 into groups according to current contract amounts. Both absolute and relative metrics were defined and employed. For comparison purposes, a collective analysis on all gathered data was performed. Additionally, the influence of outliers on the results was examined. The results showed that analyses based on individual cost categories are more convincing because large projects tend to impose stronger influence on the analyses. In addition, outliers must be identified and screened to reach realistic and reliable conclusions. With regard to the actual performance of the contracting methods, each performs differently within different cost categories.

关键词： alternative contracting methods time cost performance evaluation

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高速公路项目社会经济效益的产生机制及其评价研究

王宇宁,运迎霞,范志清

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第10期页码 97-102

摘要：

基于系统工程的思想，通过分析高速公路社会经济效益产生的机制，建立了区域经济—公路交通发展系统动力学模型，以天津市津蓟高速公路为例，通过系统仿真误差检验，证实了该系统动力学模型的仿真效果较好、性能稳定。通过已建—未建高速公路系统仿真结果的有无对比，计算并预测出了津蓟高速公路2003—2013年各年的社会经济效益，从而实现了高速公路项目社会经济效益评价的定量化目标，为今后类似项目的开展提供了理论指导。

关键词：高速公路项目社会经济效益评价系统动力学

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中国公路桥梁的技术进步与建设管理

凤懋润

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第10期页码 93-98

摘要：

过去30年，伴随着经济的持续发展，中国开展了大规模的公路桥梁建设。在“自主建设，自主创新”方针指引下，桥梁建设技术实现跨越式发展，技术水平跻身于世界先进行列。与此同时，公路建设管理体制实现从行政手段到市场机制的变革，在特大型工程建设中不断探索现代工程管理模式。笔者从工程技术创新、建设项目管理和可持续发展的角度对桥梁建设的工程实践和历史经验进行分析和探讨。

关键词：公路桥梁自主建设自主创新现代工程管理综合集成耐久性养护管理社会管理

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Recent advances in geosynthetic-reinforced retaining walls for highway applications

Jie HAN, Yan JIANG, Chao XU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第2期页码 239-247 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0424-8

摘要： Geosynthetic-reinforced retaining (GRR) walls have been increasingly used to support roadways and bridge abutments in highway projects. In recent years, advances have been made in construction and design of GRR walls for highway applications. For example, piles have been installed inside GRR walls to support bridge abutments and sound barrier walls. Geosynthetic layers at closer spacing are used in GRR walls to form a composite mass to support an integrated bridge system. This system is referred to as a geosynthetic-reinforced soil (GRS)-integrated bridge systems (IBS) or GRS-IBS. In addition, short geosynthetic layers have been used as secondary reinforcement in a GRR wall to form a hybrid GRR wall (HGRR wall) and reduce tension in primary reinforcement and facing deflections. These new technologies have improved performance of GRR walls and created more economic solutions; however, they have also created more complicated problems for analysis and design. This paper reviews recent studies on these new GRR wall systems, summarizes key results and findings including but not limited to vertical and lateral earth pressures, wall facing deflections, and strains in geosynthetic layers, discusses design aspects, and presents field applications for these new GRR wall systems.

关键词： bridge geosynthetic highway reinforced wall

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Pavement sustainability index for highway infrastructures: A case study of Maryland

Stella O. OBAZEE-IGBINEDION, Oludare OWOLABI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第2期页码 192-200 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0413-y

摘要： Pavement deterioration creates conditions that undermine their performances, which gives rise to the need for maintenance and rehabilitation. This paper develops a mathematical multi-linear regression analysis (MLRA) model to determine a pavement sustainability index ( ) as dependent variable for flexible pavements in Maryland. Four categories of pavement performance evaluation indicators are subdivided into seven pavement condition indices and analyzed as independent variables for each section of pavement. Data are collected from five different roadways using field evaluations and existing database. Results indicate that coefficient of determination ( ) is correlated and significant, = 0.959. Of the seven independent variables, present serviceability index ( ) is the most significant with a coefficient value of 0.032, present serviceability rating ( ) coefficient value= 0.028, and international roughness index ( ) coefficient value= ?0.001. Increasing each unit value of coefficients for and would increase the value of ; thereby providing a more sustainable pavement infrastructure; which explains the significance of the model and why will most likely impact environmental, economic and social values.

关键词： pavement indices sustainability pavement performance flexible pavements

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Unified methodology for site-characterization and sampling of highway runoff

Jy S. WU, Craig J. ALLAN,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第1期页码 47-58 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0003-x

摘要： Hydrology, roadway traffic conditions, and atmospheric deposition are three essential data categories for the planning and implementation of highway-runoff monitoring and characterization programs. Causal variables pertaining to each data category could be site specific but have been shown to correlate with runoff pollutant loads. These data categories were combined to derive statistical relationships for characterization and prioritization of the respective pollutant loads at highway runoff sites. Storm runoff data of total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solid (TDS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and total phosphorus (TP) collected from three highway sites in Charlotte, North Carolina, USA, were used to illustrate the development of site-specific highway-runoff pollutant loading models. This unified methodology provides a basis for initial assessment of the pollutant-constituent loads from highway runoff using hydrologic component variables. Improved reliability is achievable when additional traffic and/or atmospheric component variables are incorporated into the basic hydrologic regression model. In addition, operational guidance is suggested for implementing highway-runoff monitoring programs that are subject to sampling and resources constraints.

关键词： highway runoff pollutant loads regression models non-point source pollution storm water permit

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Range of ecological impact of highway construction in the Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region, China

Jie LIU, Fan CHEN, Haiqing GENG, Xinxin QIU, Binbin CAI,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第3期页码 349-360 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0027-2

摘要： The major features of different road sections were identified. Methods quantitatively determining the ecological impact of highway construction were discussed, and a demonstration was presented. The Dabao highway (from Dali to Baoshan) and the Sixiao highway (from Simao to Xiaomengyang) passing through the Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region were used as examples in this paper. For the normal road sections having no important species to protect, a method of ecosystem health assessment was introduced to calculate the overall range of the ecological impact of highway construction. For the road sections having plants or soils of interest, indexes were selected and the range of impact was determined using mathematical methods such as regression analysis and variance analysis. The range of impact on animal populations was also discussed in terms of the minimum living areas required by animal populations and the fragmentation caused by highway construction. The results indicate that the zones impacted by highway construction were composed of both regular and anomalous figures, the range of impacts for different landforms of the two sample highways were substantially different; highway construction had dramatic effects on roadside ecosystem health; the impact on soil factors of farmland was greater than 200 m, and the distance may exceed 1000 m when important large animals were considered.

关键词： range of impact quantitative analysis highway construction Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region

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保障我国桥梁安全的战略思考

周建庭,郑丹

《中国工程科学》 2017年第19卷第6期页码 27-37 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.06.005

摘要：

随着我国桥梁服役期的不断增长，其安全性、耐久性及维护管理的问题日益严重，安全保障问题也日益突出。本文调研了国内外桥梁结构安全保障科技发展的现状与趋势，阐述了我国桥梁安全保障领域的现状与面临的挑战，分析了我国桥梁安全保障技术、措施和政策的现状、优势以及与国外的主要差距，并在此基础上提出关于我国桥梁安全保障政策、技术和措施方面的思考。本文的研究结果可为我国重大基础设施结构安全保障计划的制定提供参考。

关键词：公路桥梁安全保障技术

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Particulate matter and metals partitioning in highway rainfall-runoff

Gaoxiang YING, John J. SANSALONE,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第1期页码 35-46 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0009-4

摘要： This study investigated the particulate matter (PM) and metals in highway dry deposition and rainfall-runoff as a function of hydrologic transport and settling on an event basis. Events were differentiated as mass-limited (ML) and flow-limited (FL). Results indicate that unique and separate suspended sediment concentration (SSC) relationships with turbidity occurred for ML and FL events. Sixty minutes of quiescent settling produced a single SSC-turbidity relationship for all events. ML events transport higher proportions of settleable and sediment PM while FL events transported relatively higher suspended PM. For batch clarification with one hour of settling, ML events had generally higher treatment efficiencies compared to FL events for the same settling conditions. Highway dry deposition PM was hetero-disperse and coarse ( = 304 µm). Results indicate that the acidic rainfall is not a significant contributor to metals in runoff but is capable of leaching metals from dry deposition PM into runoff. Partitioning in retained runoff resulted in a particulate-bound €predominance €for €most €metals €except Ca and Mg. While the finer fraction of dry deposition PM (<75µm) generates the highest metal concentrations, the highest metal mass is associated with the coarser fraction (>75µm).

关键词： stormwater particulate matter (PM) turbidity suspended sediment concentration (SSC) unit operations metals dry deposition acid rain

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Damage on lining concrete in highway tunnels under combined sulfate and chloride attack

Rongrong YIN, Chenchen ZHANG, Qing WU, Baocheng LI, He XIE

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第3期页码 331-340 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0421-y

摘要：

The combined effect from sulfate and chloride is one of the important reasons to cause the damage of lining concrete in highway tunnels. To investigate the effect of chloride ions on the corrosion of lining concretes under sulfate attack, ultrasonic detecting, compression test and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) were performed on the concretes to obtain the ultrasonic velocity, corrosion thickness, compression strength and corrosion products. The ultrasonic results, compression strength and XRD patterns confirmed that the existence of chloride certainly depressed the corrosion damage on the lining concretes under sulfate attack, and the depressing effect increased with the content of chloride in the composite solution. The corrosion damage on the concretes experienced three stages independent of the composition of corrosive solution: initial slower enhancement on the strength, stabilization period and linear degradation period. The existence of chloride mainly affected the final degradation stage and obviously decreased the corrosion thickness.

关键词： lining concrete sulfate chloride compression ultrasonic

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特长公路隧道取消变形缝试验研究

卓越,邹翀,闫自海

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第7期页码 59-65

摘要：

结合包家山隧道的施工情况，利用数值模拟和现场试验两种方法，对设置变形缝和不设置变形缝两种工况下衬砌结构的受力、变形及安全性进行了对比分析。研究认为：a. 无论设置变形缝与否，隧道纵向的安全性要求均能满足。b. 对于隧道结构的横向安全性，不设置变形缝时，Ⅴ级围岩端的安全系数增加，Ⅳ级围岩端的安全系数减小，此时需要进行配筋；设置变形缝时，Ⅳ级和Ⅴ级围岩处的拱顶安全系数均较小，不能满足安全要求，此时需要进行配筋。

关键词：特长公路隧道变形缝定量指标数值模拟试验研究

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基于成本-安全均衡的川藏高速公路规划设计方法研究 Article

李成谦, 丁烈云, 钟波涛

《工程（英文）》 2019年第5卷第2期页码 337-349 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.12.008

摘要：

山区高速公路的规划设计是通过合规性检查来保障其运营安全的。然而，仅仅依赖于合规性检查会误导工程设计人员在实际操作中选取符合规范的且成本造价最低的方案作为最终的设计方案，而该方案的整体风险水平却是未知的，这将给项目运营带来巨大的安全隐患。本文提出了一种基于成本- 安全均衡的高速公路规划设计方法，该方法主要包括以下四个步骤：① 分别提取项目成本与安全的影响因素，以少量参数化的方式来表达高速公路的设计方案；② 建立风险因素与项目成本之间的预估方程式；③ 通过构造事故树模型，在众多设计参数中识别出风险因素；④ 将可接受风险分析理论引入交通安全评价中，提出了一种在可接受风险范围内求解具有成本效益的最优解的算法，以帮助管理者决策。该方法在位于海拔梯度大、山脉范围广的川藏高速公路工程项目中得到了应用和验证。实验结果表明，该方法显著提高了项目设计的安全性以及成本效益。

关键词：高速公路规划设计成本-安全均衡优化可接受的风险评价川藏高速公路

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“一带一路”沿线公路交通基础设施发展战略研究

雷洋,马军海,张玉春,黄承锋,周建庭,吴宏波

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第4期页码 14-21 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.04.010

摘要：

“一带一路”陆上沿线地区经济、社会和自然环境具有多样性和复杂性，实现“一带一路”公路基础设施的互联互通，存在诸多制约因素和挑战，亟需战略层面的研究和指引。本文基于大量的调研和专题研究，对“一带一路”陆上主要经济走廊的公路发展进行综合评估，梳理和归纳沿线公路建设面临的制约因素；结合战略思维和技术方案，提出总体建设和推进思路：以需求和基础定走向，以走向定自然和环境障碍，以自然和环境障碍定关键工程，以关键工程定技术解决方案，在此基础上，形成“一带一路”陆上主要走廊公路基础设施发展路径和重大工程建议；在战略实施过程中，结合评估关键控制工程的难易程度和资金需求量提出建设先后时序，针对项目本身的社会经济环境，制定可行的融资方案和运营方案。

关键词： “一带一路”，公路，工程科技，基础设施

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高速公路钢波纹管涵洞工程应用及其应变光测技术研究

程钢,方萍

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第8期页码 108-112

摘要：

主要介绍了钢波纹管涵洞在南京长江第四大桥北接线高速公路路基工程中的首次应用。现场实际应用结果表明，钢波纹管涵洞具有良好的路用结构适应性，施工简便，工期短；现场应变光测测试结果表明，在软土地基路段修筑钢波纹管涵洞充分利用了钢材的延展性，能够解决不均匀沉降问题。

关键词：钢波纹管涵洞高速公路软土地基现场试验光纤测试